Touchdown (six points)
A touchdown is scored when a team gets into the opposition’s end zone with the ball.

Field goal (three points)
These are usually attempted on fourth down if the kicker is close enough to the end zone to kick the ball through the posts.

Extra point (one or two points)
A point is earned by kicking the ball through the uprights after a touchdown (a little like a rugby conversion but with the Defensive players actively trying to block the kick). Two points are earned by taking the ball into the end zone again either by another run or pass.

Safety (two points)
Awarded to the defensive team when a member of the offensive team is tackled with the ball in his own end zone (usually it is a tackle on the quarterback, known as a sack).